Cryptosporidium information held in the CIEH Library

The following publications and journal articles are held in the CIEH library. The library, which is located at the CIEH headquarters in London is a specialist reference library dedicated to environmental health. It is open, by appointment, to all members of the CIEH and to those engaged in environmental health research. The opening hours are 9.00 am - 5.00 pm, Mondays to Fridays (excl. Bank Holidays.) If you would like to visit the library, please telephone 020 7928 6006.

Publications

• Guidance for the investigation of Cryptosporidium linked to swimming pools
  Public Health Wales/Health Protection Agency. February 2011
• Cryptosporidium in Water Supplies. Report of the Group of Experts. Chairman: Sir John Badenoch. July 1990. Department of Health/Department of the Environment. Published by HMSO. ISBN 0117523224.
• Cryptosporidium in Water Supplies. Third Report of the Group of Experts. Chairman: Ian Bouchier. November 1998. Department of Health/Department of the Environment. Published by TSO Ltd. . ISBN 1851121315
• Preventing Cryptosporidium getting into Public Drinking Water Supplies. DETR consultation paper. May 1998.

Journal articles

2012

• Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a child day-care centre in Gipuzkoa, Spain, October to December 2011
  Eurosurveillance. Vol. 17. Issue 5. 02 February 2012
  

2011

• Zoonotic Cryptosporidiosis from Petting Farms, England and Wales, 1992–2009
  Fraser J. Gormley, Christine L. Little, Rachel M. Chalmers, Nalini Rawal, and Goutam K. Adak
  Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol 17. No.1. Jan 2011

2010

• Laboratory-based surveillance for Cryptosporidium in France, 2006–2009
  Eurosurveillance, Volume 15, Issue 33, 19 August 2010.
• Value of syndromic surveillance in monitoring a focal waterborne outbreak due to an unusual Cryptosporidium genotype in Northamptonshire, United Kingdom, June – July 2008
  Eurosurveillance, Volume 15, Issue 33, 19 August 2010.
• Cryptosporidiosis linked to open farm visits: a reminder of the hazard
  Health Protection Report. Vol. 4. No. 19. 14 May 2010
• Safer pools thanks to Cardiff Council
  EHN Extra. 05 February 2010.

2009

• Long-term Cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2000 to 2003.
  R M Chalmers, K Elwin, A L Thomas, E C Guy, B Mason
  Eurosurveillance, Vol 14, Issue 2, 15 January 2009. pp 1-9
• Epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Ireland, 2004-2006: analysis of national notification data.
  Patricia Garvey, P McKeown
  Eurosurveillance, Vol 14, Issue 8, 26 February 2009.
• Compliance with boil water advice following a water contamination incident in the Netherlands in 2007
  I Karagiannis. B Schimmer, A M de Roda Husman
  Eurosurveillance, Volume 14, Issue 12, 26 March 2009.
• Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Muskrats in Northeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
  Adenike Bitto and Abdalla Aldras.
  Journal of Environmental Health (USA) Vol 71. No. 8. April 2009 pp20-26
• A foodborne outbreak due to Cryptosporidium parvum in Helsinki, November 2008
  A Pönka , H Kotilainen, R Rimhanen-Finne, P Hokkanen, M L Hänninen, A Kaarna, T Meri, M Kuusi
  Eurosurveillance, Volume 14, Issue 28, 26 July 2009

2008

• A swimming pool-associated outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Staffordshire, England, October to December 2007.
  N Coetzee, O Edeghere, J M Orendi, R Chalmers, L Morgan
  Eurosurveillance.  Vol. 13. Issue 45. 6 November 2008. pp 1-3
• Outbreak of Giardiasis and Crytosporidiosis associated with a neighbourhood interactive water fountain – Florida 2006.
  Leah Eisenstein, Dean Bodager, Dawn Ginzl.
  Journal of Environmental Health. Vol. 71. No.3. 2008 pp 18-22
• Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak in a Nassau County, Florida, Return Travel Group from Ireland, May 24, 2006-June 4, 2006
  Rebecca Lazensky, Roberta M. Hammond, Kathleen Van Zile, Kim Geib
  Journal of Environmental Health. Vol. 71. No. 2. 2008 pp 20-24
• A food-borne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among guests and staff at a hotel restaurant in Stockholm county, Sweden, September 2008
  Eurosurveillance.  Vol. 13. Issue 51. 18 December 2008. pp 1-2

2007

• Cryptosporidium parvum infection in orphan lambs on a farm open to the public.
  G. C Pritchard, J.A Marshall, M. Giles, R.M Chalmers, R. N Marshall
  The Veterinary Record. July 7, 2007. pp 11-14.
• Cryptosporidiosis: A recreational water threat that hasn’t gone away
  Bruce T. Clark
  Journal of Environmental Health (USA)June 2007. pp 65-66
• Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis in rural Malawi
  T.D Mores, R.A.B Nichols, A.M Grimason & H.V Smith
  Environment and Health International. Congress edition. 2007 pp.36-44

2006

• DWI considers crypto prosecution(reviews cryptosporidium incidents featured in the annual report for 2005 of the UK Drinking Water Inspectorate)
  ENDS Report.378. July 2006. p 21

• Cryptosporidium outbreak linked to interactive water feature, UK: importance of guidelines M Jones, D Boccia, M Kealy, B Salkin, A Ferrero, G Nichols and J M Stuart
  Eurosurveillance Monthly. Vol. 11. Issue 4. April 2006
  http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=612

• Inactivation of Coccidian parasites by water purification chemicals and treatment device for campers and hikers M.B Lee and E.H Lee Environmental Health Review. Winter 2005. pp138-140 & p.148

2005

• Outbreak of enteric cryptosporidiosis in cockatiels Y-K Kwon, S-H Wee, J-H Kook, C-G Lee Veterinary Record. Vol. 156. No.7. February 12, 2005. pp 210 - 211
• Prevalence and characterisation of Cryptosporidium species in cattle faeces and on beef carcases at slaughter.E. M Moriarty et al. Veterinary Record. Vol. 156. No.6. February 5, 2005. pp 165-168
• Outbreak of enteric cryptosporidiosis in cockatiels Y-K Kwon, S-H Wee, J-H Kook, C-G Lee Veterinary Record. Vol. 156. No.7. February 12, 2005. pp 210 - 211
• Identification of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 2 in domestic horses. R M Chalmers, A L Thomas, B A Butler , M C G Davies Morel. Veterinary Record. Vol. 156. No.2. January 8, 2005. pp 49-50

2004

• Decontaminating swimming pools and managing cryptosporidium Brian Coll. Recreation. Vol 63. No. 4. May 2004

2003

• The Elderly and Waterborne Cryptosporidium Infection: Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations before and during the 1993 Milwaukee Outbreak Elena N. Naumova, Andrey I. Egorov, Robert D. Morris, and Jeffrey K. Griffiths. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 9 No. 4 April 2003 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol9no4/pdfs/02-0260.pdf
• Cost of Illness in the 1993 Waterborne Cryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Phaedra S. Corso, Michael H. Kramer, Kathleen A. Blair, David G. Addiss, Jeffrey P. Davis, and Anne C. Haddix. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 9 No. 4 April 2003 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol9no4/pdfs/02-0417.pdf
• Outbreak of Cryptosporidium in a public water supply in County Westmeath, Ireland Marie Gillooly. Environmental Health Scotland. Vol 15 (4). 2003. pp 10-15

• Identification of Cryptosporidium parvum ‘cattle’ genotype from a severe outbreak of neonatal foal diarrhoea. Veterinary Record. Vol. 153. No.20. November 15, 2003. pp 628-630

2002

• Bench-marking Pool Water Treatment for coping with Cryptosporidium R Gregory. C.Eng, MIChemE, MCIWEM, WRc plc, Swindon. Journal of Environmental Health Research. Vol.1 Iss. 1 February 2002 Bench-marking Pool Water Treatment for coping with Cryptosporidium
• Enhancing surveillance of cryptosporidiosis: test all faecal specimens from children
  P Crook, R Mayon-White, M Reacher Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 5. No. 2 June 2002 pp 112-113
• Laboratory ascertainment of Cryptosporidium and local authority policies for investigating sporadic cases of cryptosporidiosis in two regions of the United Kingdom RM Chalmers, S Hughes, AL Thomas, S Woodhouse, PD Thomas, P Hunter Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 5. No. 2 June 2002 pp 114-118
• Cryptosporidium Oocysts in a Water Supply Associated with a Cryptosporidiosis OutbreakEmerging Infectious Diseases. Vol 8. No. 6 pp 619-624. June 2002 Andrew D. Howe, Sue Forster, et al
• Occurrence of Cryptosporidium in agricultural surface waters during an annual farming cycle in lowland UK AT Bodley-Tickell, SE Kitchen, AP Sturdee. Water Research 36 (2002) 1880-1886
• Managing a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis: how to investigate and when to decide to lift a 'boil water' notice. SL Harrison, R Nelder, L Hayek, IF Mackenzie, DP Casemore, D Dance. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 5. No. 3. September 2002. pp 230-239
• Cryptosporidiosis in Malawi: Preliminary results of a study into the incidence of cryptosporidiosis in paediatric patients in rural and urban areas of Malawi. T D Thomson, A M Grimason, K C Tembo, Z Banda, R Mwenda & R Chapepa. Environmental Health Scotland. Winter 2002

2001

• Regulating Cryptosporidium - the first yearENDS Report 314. March 2001. pp 27-30
• Possible undetected outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in areas of the North West of England supplied by an unfiltered surface water source. P Hunter, Q Syed, EN Naumova. Commun Dis Public Health 2001: 4; 136-138

2000

• Effect of a boil water notice on behaviour in the management of a water contamination incident M O'Donnell, C Platt, R Aston. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol.3 No.1 March 2000. pp58-59
• Advice on the response from public and environmental health to the detection of cryptosporidial oocysts in treated drinking water PR Hunter. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol.3 No.1 March 2000. pp24-27.
• Compliance with advice to boil drinking water during an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis LJ Willocks, F Sufi, R Wall, C Seng, AV Swan for the Outbreak Investigation Team Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol. 3. No. 2. June 2000. pp137-138.
• Implications and importance of genotyping Cryptosporidium Rachel Chalmers, Kristen Elwin. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol.3. No.3. September 2000. pp 155-157.

1999

• Cryptosporidium: the experts give their opininon (about the Bouchier report.) D Clapham. Environmental Health (EHJ). Volume 107. Issue 4. April 1999. pp114-115.

1998

• Cryptosporidium and giardia lamblia in private water supplies. David Clapham & Natasha Franklin. Environmental Health (EHJ). Volume 106. Issue 6. June 1998
• Outbreak of waterborne giardiasis caused by sewage contamination of drinking water. Peter M. Wallis, Brian Primrose & William J. Robertson. Environmental Health Review. Summer 1998. pp 44-51.
• Investigation of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with treated surface water finds limits to the value of case control studies. PR Hunter, C Quigley. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 1. No 4. December 1998. pp 234-238
• A large outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis associated with a public water supply from a deep chalk borehole. L Willocks, A Crampin, L Milne, C Seng, M Susman, R Gair, M Moulsdale, S Shafi, R Wall, R Wiggins, N Lightfoot. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 1. No 4. December 1998. pp 239-243
• Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum from two large suspected waterborne outbreaks. S Patel, S Pedraza-Diaz, J McLauchlin, DP Casemore. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 1. No 4. December 1998. pp 231-233
• Cryptosporidium and the safety of our water supplies. David P Casemore. Communicable Disease and Public Health. Vol 1. No 4. December 1998. pp 218-219

1997

• Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis associated with a swimming pool in Andover. T Sundkvist, M Dryden, R Gabb, N Soltanpoor, D Casemore, J Stuart. Communicable Disease Report. Vol 7. Review No. 12. 14 November 1997. R190-R192

1996

• Cryptosporidiosis outbreak associated with an educational farm holiday. M R Evans, D Garner. Communicable Disease Report. Vol 6. Review No. 3. 1 March 1996. R50-R51
• Cryptosporidium in water supplies. The second report of the Badenoch Committee. David Clapham. Environmental Health. Vol. 104. No. 4. April 1996. pp119-121
• Cryptosporidiosis in children who visited an open farm. GM Sayers, MC Dillon, E Connolly, L Thornton, E Hyland, E Loughman, MA O'Mahony, KM Butler. Communicable Disease Report. Vol 6. Review No. 10. 13 September 1996. R140-R144
• A mixed outbreak of cryptosporidium and campylobacter infection associated with a private water supply. L.A Duke, A.S Breathnach, D.R Jenkins, B.A Harkis & A.W Codd. Epidemiology and Infection. (1996) 11, pp 303-308.

1995

• Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis associated with a borehole supply. D Morgan, M Allaby, S Crook, D Casemore, TD Healing, N Soltanpoor, S Hill, W Hooper. Communicable Disease Report. Volume 5. Review Number 7. 23 June 1995. R93-R97
• Disinfection of public pools and management of fecal accidents. Richard S. Kebabjian. Journal of Environmental Health. Vol. 58, Number 1. July/August 1995. pp 8-12.

1993

• Cryptosporidiosis in infancy and childhood mortality in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Kåre Mølbak, Niels Hø, Adam Gottschau, José Carlos Correia Sá, Liselotte Ingholt, Augusto Paulo José da Silva, Peter Aaby. British Medical Journal. Vol. 307. 14 August 1997. pp 417-420.
• Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium and enteric viruses in surface and tap water samples in Spain. R De Leon, JB Rose, A Bosch, F Torrella, CP Gerba. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 3, (1993) pp 121-129

1991

• Nosocomial outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients. Pernille Ravn, Jens D Lundgren, Poul Kjaeldgaard, Winnie Holten-Anderson, Niels Højlyng, Jens Ole Nielsen, Johannes Gaub. British Medical Journal. Vol. 302. 2 February 1991. pp 277-280
• Cryptosporidium in cats: prevalence of infection in doestic and feral cats in the Glasgow area. MMA Mtambo, AS Nash, DA Blewett, HV Smith, S Wright. The Veterinary Record. December 7, 1991. pp 502-504

1990

• Cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales: prevalence clinical and epidemiological features. Public Health Laboratory Service Study group. British Medical Journal. Vol. 300. 24 March 1990. pp 774-777
• Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis and environmental health. AM Grimason, HV Smith, PG Smith, ME Jackson, RWA Girdwood. Environmental Health. Volume 98. Issue 9. September 1990. pp 228-232

1985

• Cryptosporidiosis. DP Casemore Environmental Health. Volume 93. No. 5 May 1985

Letters, commentaries, communications and news reports

(Please note this section is no longer being updated)

• Monitoring not the answer to cryptosporidium in water. Letter from Christopher K Fairley, Martha I Sinclair, Samantha Rizak. The Lancet. Vol. 354. September 18, 1999. pp 967-968
• Is human cryptosporidiosis a zoonotic disease ? Letter from DP Casemore. The Lancet Vol. 342. July 31, 1993. p 312
• Significance of small numbers of Cryptosporidium sp oocysts in water. Letter from HV Smith, JFW Parker & Z Bukhari. The Lancet. Vol. 342. July 31, 1993. pp 312-313
• Cryptosporidium infection in farm cats in the Glasgow area. AS Nash, MMA Mtambo, HA Gibbs. The Veterinary Record. December 4, 1993. pp 576-577.
• Cryptosporidium and the food supply. Commentary. The Lancet Vol. 345. May 6 1995. pp 1128-1129
• Cryptosporidiosis associated with school milk R. Gelletlie, J Stuart, N Soltanpoor, R Armstrong, G Nichols. The Lancet. Vol 350. October 4, 1997. pp 1005-1006

• USA: cryptosporidiosis outbreak.The Lancet. Vol. 341: April 24, 1993. p1084.
• Disease outbreaks call drinking water laws into question.ENDS Report 220. May 1993. pp 8-9
• Cryptosporidium's persistent posers for the water industry.ENDS Report 237. October 1994. pp 18-21
• Torbay's disease outbreak exposes holes in drinking water safeguardsENDS Report 240 January 1995. pp 23-24
• Second major crypto outbreak hits Torbay area.ENDS Report 247. August 1995. pp 6-7
• Cryptosporidium outbreak puts Devon on boiled water.Environmental Health News. 18 August 1995. p 2
• Parasites on tap land company in deep water.New Scientist. 9 September 1995. p.12
• Cryptosporidiosis linked to tap water.The Lancet. Vol 347. 2 March 1996. p 605.
• Tiny factory cleans up dirty water.New Scientist. 13 April 1996. p.21.
• Fatal dose for water parasite (about the effect of UV light on C.parvum)New Scientist. 27 April 1996. p.23
• Groundwater surprise in latest crypto outbreak. ENDS Report. 266. March 1997. pp 6-7
• Foam filter speeds up test for water parasiteNew Scientist. 12 April 1997, p. 23
• Water works (about a detection test developed by Thames Water.) New Scientist. 22 November 1997. p.15
• Puppy parasites (about Cryptosporidium & giardia in dog faeces) New Scientist. 30 May 1998. p. 6
• Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Water Sprinkler Fountain - Minnesota, 1997, MMWR Weekly. October 16, 1998 / Vol. 47. No. 40 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm4740.pdf
• Cover-up over North West's crypto outbreaks. ENDS Report. 286. November 1998. pp 3-4
• Waterborne crypto comes from sewage, studies show.ENDS Report. 288. January 1999. pp 3-4
• Pool shut after 14 taken ill (cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Solihull). Environmental Health News. 8 October 1999. p1
• Cryptosporidium associated with swimming pools in England. Eurosurveillance Weekly. Issue 48. 25 November 1999.
• Clitheroe, Lancashire, March 2000Communicable Disease Report. Vol 10. No. 13. 31 March 2000.
• British tourists return from Majorca with CryptosporidiosisCDR Weekly. Vol.10. No. 32. 11 August 2000.
• Safer swimming (about a crystalline treatment for Cryptosporidium in water.)New Scientist. 29 July 2000. p. 10
• £4 million lab tracks deadly water bug EHN. 18 August 2000.
• Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis in N. IrelandCDR Weekly. Vol.10. No. 36. 8 September 2000.
• Anger at handling of cryptosporidium outbreak in N. IrelandThe Lancet. Vol. 356. September 9, 2000. p 919
• Crypto hits N. IrelandEHN 13 September 2000. p1
• Delays and confusion in Northern Ireland's crypto outbreak. ENDS Report. 308. September 2000. pp 29-30
• Belfast scores a crypto hat-trickENDS Report. 316. May 2001. pp 12-13
• Crypto study recommends checks at water works. ENDS Report. 321. October 2001. p 12
• Outbreak of gastroenteritis in military recruits in Germany – suspected CryptosporidiosisEurosurveillance Weekly. Issue 40. 04 October 2001
• Grazing ban after Crypto outbreak. EHN. Vol. 16. No. 44. 16.11.01
• Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Ireland linked to public water supply.Eurosurveillance Weekly. Issue 22. 30 May 2002
• DWI looks out for the next crypto. ENDS Report 329. June 2002. p. 14
• Furore over Scottish crypto scare.ENDS Report. 331. August 2002. pp 9-10
• Anger over shelved advice (re: Glasgow's water supply). EHN. Vol. 17. No. 31. 16.08.02 p3
• Council rejects Glasgow water treatmentEHN. 06.09.02. p4
• Scottish Water panned over crypto scare (re: Glasgow and Edinburgh incidents in 2002)ENDS Report 137. February 2003. p. 13-14
• Crypto study finds little evidence of tap water linkENDS Report 342. July 2003. pp. 14-15
• Cryptosporidiosis in English and Welsh tourists associated with travel to SpainCDR Weekly. 07 August 2003. p1.
• Cryptosporidiosis in the East of England 2003CDR Weekly. 25 September 2003. p1
• Cryptosporidiosis in the South West of England 2003. CDR Weekly. 25 September 2003. p1
• Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis.CDR Weekly. 13 November 2003.
• Scotland’s water works to get monthly health checksEnvironmental Health News. 16 January 2004. p 4.
• Surveillance of Cryptosporidiosis in Spain from 1995 to 2003Eurosurveillance Weekly. Vol. 8, Issue 10. 04 March 2004
• Cumbrian crypto study confirms tap water linkENDS Report 354. July 2004. p.9
• Cryptosporidium outbreak following visit to Auchingarrich Wildlife Centre in Perthshire.EHN 29 April 2005
• Infectious intestinal disease associated with farm visitsCDR Weekly Vol. 15 Issue 18. 06 May 2005
• An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in north west WalesCDR Weekly Vol. 15 Issue 49.08 December 2005
• Huge crypto outbreak in USA (about the Seneca Lake National Park outbreak, New York State)Tottel's Food Safety. December 2005.
• Crypto spread by canteen cutlery (outbreak in Denmark)Tottel's Food Safety. December 2005.
• Welsh Water issues boil notice following crypto outbreakENDS Report 371. Dec. 2005. p.12.
• A swimming pool associated cluster of cryptosporidiosis, North West EnglandCDR Weekly. Vol. 16. No.07. 16 February 2006.
• DWI considers cryoto prosecutionENDS Report 378. July 2006.
• Cryptosporidiosis in England and WalesCDR Weekly. Vol. 16. No.40. 05 October 2006.
• First reported waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis with Cyclospora co-infection in Turkey Eurosurveillance Weekly. Vol 12. issue 2. 15 February 2007 
• A large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in western Ireland linked to public water supply Eurosurveillance Weekly. Vol 12. Issue 5. 03 May 2007
• Cryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in EuropeEurosurveillance Monthly. Vol 12. Issue 5. May 2007

• An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a day-care centre in SwedenEurosurveillance Weekly. 23 August  2007