World Environmental Health Day 2025 – Case studies of EH teams tackling odour issues in Australia

On World Environmental Health Day 2025, CIEH continues its look at the impact of bad odours on the health and wellbeing of people and how Environmental Health teams deal with complaints - this time Varinder Sapehiyia, trustee on the National Board of Environmental Health Australia (EHA), takes us through two case studies he was involved with in Queensland and Victoria.

Case study 1

Context

Between 2014 and 2016 (approximately), Environmental Health Services in Queensland received multiple odour complaints from residents living near a sewer pump station. The facility was located within close proximity to residential areas, and the issue escalated to formal correspondence and legal notices served to Council via a lawyer representing affected residents.

Odour Character & Complaints

Residents described the odour as a strong, unpleasant “rotten egg” smell, typical of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) emissions. The odour was intermittent but particularly intense during warmer months and early mornings. Complaints were consistent and emotionally charged, reflecting significant community distress.

Environmental Health Services Intervention

As an Environmental Health Officer, I led the investigation, engaging empathetically with residents and collaborating across departments. Using an Odalog Gas Logger (L2), I monitored H₂S levels and established the root cause of the nuisance. Data was collected and transferred via the OdaStat-G wireless network, then analysed using OdaStat-G software and spreadsheets to identify emission trends. I compared results against NEPM ambient air quality guidelines and highlighted infrastructure damage due to acid corrosion in sewer lines. My findings, supported by literature and data, led to approval for further investigation and the installation of activated carbon filters on all vents—effectively mitigating the odour issue.

Outcomes

Following the intervention, complaints ceased entirely within a few weeks. Residents expressed relief and gratitude, as it was a huge weight off our shoulders—finally, residents around that pump station could breathe easy in their own homes.

Why It Matters

This case underscores the value of Environmental Health Officers in safeguarding public health and infrastructure. By addressing environmental nuisances, we reduce stress, restore community trust, and protect vital assets—demonstrating the profession’s essential role in promoting social and economic wellbeing.

Case Study 2

Context

The issue arose in Victoria where a resident reported persistent smoke and chemical-like odours from a neighbouring property. The properties are in close proximity, and the affected resident had been experiencing this issue for over many years, with the smoke severely impacting their asthma and overall wellbeing.

Odour Character & Complaints

The smoke was described as acrid and rancid, with a chemical-like smell, possibly due to burning creosote-treated timber or old fence palings. The nuisance was most frequent during colder months, with fires lit daily and emissions lasting for hours. Complaints intensified during winter 2025, with documented health impacts including asthma attacks, migraines, and sleep disruption.

EHP Intervention

We initiated the investigation (as per the Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008) by engaging empathetically with the complainant, providing nuisance diaries, and encouraging documentation of incidents. We maintained regular communication, conducted a site inspection, and liaised with the property owner to assess wood storage and burning practices. Educational materials were provided, and an improvement letter/notice was issued recommending proper maintenance and operation of the wood heater. The neighbour later confirmed professional chimney cleaning and adjusted burning practices, including using electric heaters during the day.

Outcomes

Following intervention, the complainant reported significant improvement in air quality and health. She noted, “After all these years of asking them, it’s just amazing that they are now really trying thanks to your intervention.” While occasional smoke persisted, it was less intense and dissipated quickly. The resident expressed gratitude and confirmed her health had improved.

Why It Matters

This case highlights the importance of Environmental Health Officers in resolving long-standing community issues through education, empathy, and evidence-based action. Addressing air quality concerns not only improves physical health but also reduces stress and enhances community trust in public health services.